Arthritis of the Elbow
Arthritis of the elbow can cause pain not only when you bend your elbow, but when you straighten it, as well. There are actually several different types of arthritis that can cause this condition.
Causes
The most common cause of arthritis of the elbow is rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a disease of the joint linings, or synovia. As the joint lining swells, the joint space narrows. The disease gradually destroys the bones and soft tissues. Usually, RA affects both elbows, as well other joints such as the hand, wrist and shoulder.
Osteoarthritis (OA or “wear-and-tear” arthritis) affects the cushioning cartilage on the ends of the bones that enables them to move smoothly in the joint. As the cartilage is destroyed, the bones begin to rub against each other. Loose fragments within the joint may accelerate degeneration.
Trauma can also cause arthritis in the elbow joint by damaging the articular cartilage. This eventually leads to the development of posttraumatic arthritis. Usually, this form of arthritis is confined to the injured joint.
Symptoms
Pain is by far the most common symptom of arthritis. In the early stages of RA, pain may be primarily on the outer (lateral) side of the joint. Pain generally worsens as you turn (rotate) your forearm. The pain of OA may intensify as you extend your arm. Pain that continues during the night or when you are at rest indicates a more advanced stage of OA. Secondary symptoms include swelling, stiffness, and a “catching” or locking of the elbow.
Treatment
Treatment is initially nonsurgical and depends on the type of arthritis. Your physician will discuss the options with you and develop an individualized program of medical and physical activities. Among the therapies that can be used are activity modification to minimize overuse of the joint; medical management utilizing pain relievers, immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteriods; and physical therapy such as hot and cold compresses, splints, and assistive devices to minimize stress to the affected area.
If your arthritis does not respond to the above treatments, you and your physician may discuss surgical options